PCOS usually presents with coarse hair growth on the face and chest, and higher levels of male androgenic hormones, caused when the pituitary gland releases an excess of luteinizing hormone. Acne and oily skin are also evident. Ovaries may be enlarged and contain multiple cysts, however cysts may not occur at all. Symptoms often become apparent in puberty, when menstruation begins. Irregular menstrual periods with excess bleeding may occur, or PCOS can cause a lack of periods altogether.

Although historically considered a gynecological problem, research now shows that PCOS is associated with hyperinsulinemia (production of too much of the hormone insulin) and impaired glucose metabolism. Perhaps not surprisingly, more than 65 percent of women who suffer from PCOS are obese. Reports indicate that early pubarche (breast budding and pubic hair growth) is linked to ovarian hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, suggesting another hormonal trigger. Doctors typically try to determine if a tumor is responsible for the production of male hormones. Thyroid and prolactin abnormalities should also be investigated as possible causes of amenorrhea (lack of period).

Since the extra weight seems to be an important issue, those with PCOS should work toward losing excess weight gradually, using proper nutrition and exercise. Doing so will also lessen the risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

• See Endometriosis for health tips.
• Weight loss is essential in those with polycystic ovarian syndrome. See Blood Sugar Balance for tips on normalizing insulin and improving insulin resistance, which aids PCOS.